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<div class="daohang" id="daohang"><strong>位置:</strong><a href='http://3g.ChineBooks.com/'></a> > <a href='https://ChineseBooks.github.io/'>古代文学</a> > <a href='https://ChineseBooks.github.io/daojiaoshuji/'>道教书籍</a> > <a href='https://ChineseBooks.github.io/daojiaoshuji/jingzuoxiudaoyuchangshengbulao/'>静坐修道与长生不老</a> > </div>
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  <h1 class="h11">40 新旧医学养“精”观念的异同</h1>
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<div class="articleContent" id="articleContent"> <p>时至现在，医药的发达与医学的昌明，已非过去故步自封的时代可比。对于气血和精神的研究，也已各有专科，不能完全因袭旧说而漠视新知。同时，也不能一律抹煞旧学而盲目地信任新知。所谓科学，它还在“<span class="qiangdiao1">未定之天</span>”的进境中，而正向前迈进，它不象旧的学识，一味妄自尊大地自诩为定论了。</p><p>传统道家医学的观念：过去的中国医学和从事炼养“<span class="qiangdiao1">长生不老术</span>”的人们，认为人体内在的“<span class="qiangdiao1">精</span>”子，便是生命最基本的要素。不但道家修炼神仙的丹法，要以“<span class="qiangdiao1">炼精</span>”为主要的修养，所谓医学宗祖典籍的黄帝《内经》，也以养精蓄锐为“<span class="qiangdiao1">祛病延年</span>”、“<span class="qiangdiao1">养生长寿</span>”的基本要务，如说：“<span class="qiangdiao1">两神相搏，合而成形，常先身生是谓精。</span>”又云：“<span class="qiangdiao1">冬不藏精，春必病瘟。夏不藏精，秋必病痢。</span>”等等，便是说明“<span class="qiangdiao1">精</span>”与养生的重要。后来演变到道家的丹法，尤其重视“<span class="qiangdiao1">还精补脑</span>”为“<span class="qiangdiao1">长生不老</span>”的要务。至于如何才能做到真正的“<span class="qiangdiao1">还精补脑</span>”？真正的“<span class="qiangdiao1">精</span>”又是什么东西？总是含糊不清，众说纷纭不一。</p><p>现代医学的见解：现代医学对于泄精和性行为的理论，恰恰与道家的观念相反。它认为一个正常的成年人，在相当时间和正常状况下排泄精液，那是并不妨碍的事。如果勉强压制性行为和忍精，反而别身体有害。而且认为由性腺内分泌的化合而产生精虫和卵子，那是生理上的一种自然现象。如果认为压制精虫可以增加自身的健康和长寿，等于一种性变态心理的幻想和无知的谎言而已。这些观念和理论，往往牵涉到“<span class="qiangdiao1">生理学</span>”、“<span class="qiangdiao1">性心理学</span>”、“<span class="qiangdiao1">神经学</span>”、“<span class="qiangdiao1">荷尔蒙</span>”等等学识，头绪纷繁，尚未有综合的定论。不过，一言以蔽之，绝对不会有一个纯净的独身主义者，毕生毫无性行为的泄精（包括遗精、梦遗、手婬等），而能健康长寿地比一般人活得长久。相反的，这一类人，往往因有性变态心理的长期忧郁，多半死于脑溢血或癌等一类病症。因此，所谓“<span class="qiangdiao1">还精补脑，长生不老。</span>”以及“<span class="qiangdiao1">炼精化气</span>”等理论，在现代医学的观念中，简直视为一派胡言乱语。</p><p>旁门左道的理论：但在中国三千年来的正统道家医学之外，又同时存在有不同于“<span class="qiangdiao1">清修派</span>”的说法。他们也认为“<span class="qiangdiao1">还精补脑</span>”和“<span class="qiangdiao1">炼精化气</span>”是不易的原理。但是“<span class="qiangdiao1">还精</span>”和“<span class="qiangdiao1">炼精</span>”的方法，却需要有正当而特别方法的性行为，才能真正做到“<span class="qiangdiao1">返还</span>”与“<span class="qiangdiao1">补脑</span>”的利益。他们的理论也根据《易经·系辞传》“<span class="qiangdiao1">一陰一陽之谓道</span>”的名言而牵强附会，说得天花乱坠地搞那男女双修的事情。唐、宋以后道教的火居道士（出家而有家室的道士），和唐、宋以后蒙、藏密宗一派的双身法，都有相同类似之处。至于民间秘密流传有关性行为之医学，和性心理学相近的黄帝《素女经》、《玉房秘诀》等《容成》、《素女》之书，也便成为他们的秘诀之一了。此外，还有专传那些“<span class="qiangdiao1">扐</span>”、“<span class="qiangdiao1">扣</span>”精关点穴的手法，普遍流行。结果弄得那些学道的人，陷于性无能而称之谓“<span class="qiangdiao1">断欲</span>”。甚至，因此而得胃病、吐血、鼻衄、脑溢血、神经错乱等症，比比皆是。至于搞得气血混浊，面黄肌瘦而生趣萧索的，还算是不幸中之大幸呢！但是，这些丹诀道书上所说一个人的年龄和精力生长的周期性，以及在那种年龄而可作适当性行为的理论，和现代医学的研究非常吻合。古人说：“<span class="qiangdiao1">是小道亦有可观也已</span>”，站在博学慎思的立场而言，旁门亦门，左道亦道，倒也有不可一概抹煞之处。</p> </div>
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